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موقف العلامة نجم الدين الطوفي الحنبلي من كلام ابن تيمية في الإستغاثة
فقد نقل الشيخ نجم الدين سليمان بن عبدالقوي الطوفي الحنبلي -مقررا- كلام العلامة شمس الدين الجزري في رده على ابن تيمية وصرح الطوفي أنه نقله بمعناه مع زيادات من عنده..
قال رحمه الله تعالى : " (فاستغاثه الذي من شيعته على الذي من عدوه) [القصص :15] احتج بها الشيخ شمس الدين الجزري شارح المنهاج في أصول الفقه على الشيخ تقي الدين ابن تيمية فيما قيل عنه أنه قال : لا يستغاث برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لأن الاستغاثة بالله عز وجل من خصائصه وحقوقه الخاصة به فلا تكون لغيره كالعبادة.
وتقرير الحجة المذكورة : أنه قال : يجب أن ينظر في حقيقة الاستغاثة ماهي وهي الاستنصار والاستصراخ ثم قد وجدنا هذا الإسرائيلي استغاث بموسى واستنصره واستصرخه بنص هذه الآيات وهي استغاثة مخلوق بمخلوق وقد أقر موسى عليها الإسرائيلي وقد أقر الله عز وجل موسى على ذلك ولم ينكر محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم ذلك لمانزلت هذه الآيات أي فكان هذا إقرارا من الله عز وجل ورسوله على استغاثة المخلوق بالمخلوق وإذا جاز أن يستغاث بموسى فبمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم أولى لأنه أفضل بإجماع.
ومما يحتج به على ذلك : حديث هاجر أم إسماعيل حيث التمست الماء لابنها فلم تجد فسمعت حسا في بطن الوادي فقالت : قد أسمعت إن كان عندك غواث وهذا في معنى الاستغاثة منها بجبريل وقد أقرها على ذلك ولم ينكره النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عليها لما حكاه عنها.
ولأن اعتقاد التوحيد من لوازم الإسلام فإذا رأينا مسلما يستغيث بمخلوق علمنا قطعا أنه غير مشرك لذلك المخلوق مع الله عز وجل وإنما ذلك منه طلب مساعدة أو توجه إلى الله ببركة ذلك المخلوق وإذا استصرخ الناس في موقف القيامة بالأنبياء ليشفعوا لهم في التخفيف عنهم جاز استصراخهم بهم في غير ذلك المقام وقد صنف الشيخ أبو عبدالله النعمان كتبا سماه : (مصباح الظلام في المستغيثين بخير الأنام) واشتهر هذا الكتاب وأجمع أهل عصره على تلقيه منه بالقبول وإجماع أهل كل عصر حجة فالمنكر لذلك مخالف لهذا الإجماع فإن قيل : الآية المذكورة في قصة موسى والإسرائيلي ليست في محل النزاع من وجهين :
أحدهما : أن موسى حينئذ كان حيا ونحن إنما نمنع الاستغاثة بميت.
الثاني: أن استغاثة صاحب موسى به كان في أمر يمكن موسى فعله وهو إعانته على خصمه وهو أمر معتاد ونحن إنما نمنع من الاستغاثة بالمخلوق فيما يختص فعله بالله عز وجل كالرحمة والمغفرة والرزق والحياة ونحو ذلك فلا يقال : يامحمد اغفر لي أو ارحمني أو ارزقني أو أجبني [وفي نسخة أخرى :أحييني بدل أجبني] أو أعطني مالا وولدا لأن ذلك شرك بإجماع.
وأجيب عن الأول : بأن الاستغاثة إذا جازت بالحي فبالميت المساوي فضلا عن الأفضل أولى لأنه أقرب إلى الله عز وجل من الحي لوجوه :
أحدها: أنه في دار الكرامة والجزاء والحي في دار التكليف.
الثاني: أن الميت تجرد عن عالم الطبيعة القاطعة عن الوصول إلى عالم الآخرة والحي متلبس بها.
الثالث: أن الشهداء في حياتهم محجوبون وبعد موتهم أحياء عند ربهم يرزقون.
وعن الثاني: أن ماذكرتموه أمر مجمع مجمع عليه معلوم عند صغير المسلمين فضلا عن كبيرهم أن المخلوق على الإطلاق لايطلب منه ولا ينسب إليه فعل ما اختصت القدرة الإلهية به وقد رأينا أغمار الناس وعامتهم وأبعدهم عن العلم والمعرفة يلوذون بحجرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا يزيدون على أن يسألو الشفاعة والوسلية يارسول الله [وفي نسخة أخرى : برسول الله] اشفع لنا يالله ببركة نبيك اغفر لنا فصار الكلام في المسألة المفروضة فضلا لا حاجة بأحد من المسلمين إليه.
وإذا لم يكن بد من التعريف بهذا الحكم خشية أن يقع فيه أحد فليكن بعبارة لا توهم نقصا في النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا غضا من منصبه مثل أن يقال: ما استأثر الله عز وجل بالقدرة عليه فلا يطلب من مخلوق على الإطلاق أو نحو هذا ولا يتعرض للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بسلب الاستغاثة عنه مطلقا ولا مقيدا ولا يذكر إلا بالصلاة والسلام عليه والرواية عنه ونحو ذلك.
هذا حاصل ماوقع في هذه المسألة سؤالا وجوابا ذكرته بمعناه وزيادات من عندي"ا.هـ [الإشارات الإلهية في المباحث الأصولية للطوفي (3/89-93)].
The position of the most learned Najm ud-Deen of Tufa (at-Tufi) and Hanbali madhab (al-Hanbali) towards Ibn Taymiyyah with regards to seeking assistance ("al-istighaathah")
The Shaykh Najm udDeen Sulayman the son of Abd alQawi of Tufa (atTufi) and Hanbali madhab relates and affirms the words of Shams adDeen alJazari in refutation of Ibn Taymiyyah and he explicitly states that he narrates in meaning with additional comments from himself.
He said, may Allah have Mercy upon him,
" 'So the one of his own caste seeked assistance against the one who was of his enemies' [quoting the verse from chapter alQasas 20:15 of the Quran];
The Shaykh Shams ud-Deen alJazari, the commentator of the Minhaj in Usul alFiqh (the science of foundation of Legal Jurisprudence) used it [ie this verse] as evidence against Shaykh Taqi udDeen Ibn Taymiyyah and his reported statement "The assistance of the Messenger of Allah, May Allah send his peace and blessings upon him, is not sought as seeking assistance of Allah, the Exalted and Mighty, is from His specific characteristics and rights so it is not for other than Him just like (acts of) worship.' "
The aforementioned refutation is as follows:
he said, "It is necessary that one considers the true nature of seeking assistance.
What is it and what is meant by seeking help and calling for help?
We find this man from the tribe of Israel sought the assistance of Musa [may the peace and blessings be upon him and the Seal of Prophets], and sought and called for his help as is explicitly stated in the text of this verse. This is the seeking assistance of a created being from another created being and Musa affirmed the man from the tribe of Israel in it and Allah, the exalted and Mighty affirmed Musa doing so. Furthermore Muhammad, May Allah send His peace and blessing upon him, did not find fault in it when these verses were revealed. In other words, this was affirmation from Allah, the Exalted and Mighty, and His Messenger for the seeking assistance of one created being from another created being and as seeking the assistance of Musa is permissible then it even more so of Muhammad as he is by consensus superior.
He also uses as evidence the narration of Hajar, the mother of Ismail, when she sought water for her son and did not find it. She heard a sound at the bottom of the valley and said, "I have prepared a bucket, if you any relief." This statement conveys the meaning of her seeking the assistance of (the angel) Jibreel and the Prophet, May God send his peace and blessings upon him, affirmed her in this and did not disapprove of her.
Certainty in the oneness of God is one of the cnditions of Islam. So when we find a Muslim seeking the assistance of a created being we know, without doubt, that he is not associating that created being with God, the Exalted and Mighty. Such an action is only his seeking help or turning to Allah by the blessing of that created being. People at the station of reckoning (on the Day of Judgement) will call for the help of the prophets seeking their intercession in bringing ease for themselves, hence it is permissable to call upon the prophets in other situations. Shaykh Abu Abdillah anNu'maan has written a book that he titled, "The lamp in darkness of those seeking assistance by the best of mankind." This book has become famous and the people of his time have agreed upon this book in consensus. The consensus of the people of every age is considered a proof such that the one who disapproves is considered to be acting against the consensus.
If it is said that the aforementioned verse is regarding the story of Musa and the man from the tribe of Israel and it is not relevant to the point in contention for two main objections.
The first being that Musa was alive at that time and we only decline to accept the seeking assistance of a dead being.
The second is that the companion of Musa sought his assistance in a matter that Musa was able to undertake and that was his help with an opponent and that is a natural matter. Yet we only contend with the seeking assistance of a created being in matters that are specific to God, the Exalted and Majestic, such as divine mercy, forgiveness, sustenance, giving life and so on. So one must not say, "Oh Muhammad forgive me or have mercy upon me or sustain me or answer me (and in another manuscript of the same text 'give me life' was mentioned) or give me money and a child" as all of that is associating a partner to God by consensus.
A response to the first objection is that if seeking of assistance of the living is allowed then so should it be allowed for the dead, if not even more so, as he they are closer than the living to God, the Exalted and Mighty for many reasons.
The first of which is that he is in the abode of Generosity and Recompense and the living is in the abode of legal responsibility.
The second is that the dead person, unlike the living, has broken free from the natural world that cuts of from reaching the other world.
The third reason is that the martyrs in their lives are veiled and after their death are alive with their Lord being sustained (alluding to Surah 2 V 154).
In response to the second objection it can be said that what you have mentioned is an agreed upon matter known to the youngest of Muslim let alone the eldest, ie that with regards to Divine Omnipotence another created being is not to be sought under any circumstance and that neither should be attributed to it. We have seen rabbles of people and their common-folk and the furthest of them from knowledge and divine certainty (gnosis) seeking refuge at the room of the Prophet (ie his resting place), may God send his peace and blessings upon him, and they do not go beyond asking for intercession and his being a medium, "Oh Prophet, intercede on behalf of us. Oh God, by the blessing of your Prophet, forgive us." Hence such discussion about the matter becomes presumptuous and no one from amongst the Muslims is in need of it. If it is inevitable that by announcing this ruling it is feared that someone may fall into it then putting it another way do not delude yourself in finding fault in the Prophet, May God's peace and blessings be upon him, or defect in his rank such as saying that which God has taken upon himself by Divine ability should not be sought from a created being at all and do not oppose the Prophet by stripping seeking assistance from Him unrestrictedly or restrictedly and do not mention him except by sending peace and blessings upon him and narrating from from and so forth.
This is that which concerns this matter and I have relayed it in a question and answer format with additional points from myself.
